Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI)

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a disruption in brain function caused by an external force or by rapid acceleration–deceleration of the brain within the skull, which may occur with or without a direct head impact. These biomechanical forces can lead to transient alterations in consciousness, attention, memory, or orientation, with loss of consciousness. If loss of consciousness is present, it typically lasting less than 30 minutes. mTBI is a heterogeneous condition that includes concussion, with clinical presentation and recovery varying widely; while most individuals recover fully within a few months, a subset experience persistent cognitive, emotional, or physical symptoms that may warrant further evaluation and care.

Common Symptoms

• Difficulty concentrating or remembering information
• Slowed thinking or mental fatigue
• Headaches or sensitivity to light and noise
• Irritability or mood changes
• Sleep disturbances

How Neuropsychological Assessment Helps

Neuropsychological evaluation helps identify and quantify cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes following mild traumatic brain injury, even when standard imaging is normal. It aids in differentiating injury-related deficits from factors such as stress, mood, or pre-existing conditions, and provides targeted recommendations for treatment, return-to-work decisions, return-to-play decisions, and symptom management. These assessments also establish a baseline for monitoring recovery and guiding adjustments in care over time.

When to Seek Medical Advice

It is helpful to speak with a healthcare provider if symptoms persist beyond the expected recovery period or interfere with daily functioning. A medical evaluation can help determine whether a referral for neuropsychological assessment is appropriate.

The information provided on this page is for general educational purposes only and is not a substitute for consulting with your healthcare provider regarding your specific clinical circumstances or determining whether a referral is necessary.